ืžื”ื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”? ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš

ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืžืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืกืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื•.

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช.

ืžื˜ืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื•ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืื• ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื– ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื”. ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื.

ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืžืžื–ืขืจืช ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ืชืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ื•ืžื˜ืคื— ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื.

ืžื”ื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช?

ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืœื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื—ื™ื“ื“ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืคืš ืืช ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื–ืจ ืœืžืกืข ื”ืœืงื•ื—.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื• ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื ืจื‘-ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื. ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื•ืžืกืคืง ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ, ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข. ื”ื ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืฉืคื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช.

ืžืชื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื”?

ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžืืงืจื• ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื˜ืคื— ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื•ืจื—, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืชืงื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”

ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืžืœืื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื—ืฉืช ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”.

ืกืžืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืžืฉืขื ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื•. ืกืžืœื™ื ืืœื” ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื•ื›ื ื”.

ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืกืžืœื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช. ืกืžืœื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. Decision Symbols ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืขื ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ื”ืžืกืžืœื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”.

ืกืžืœื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื’ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืœืงื”. ื”ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื• ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืกืžืœื™ ืงืœื˜/ืคืœื˜ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงืœื˜ ื•ืคืœื˜ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืžืœื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžืœื™ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืกืžืœื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขืจืš ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžื™ืงืจื• ืื• ืžืืงืจื•, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื›ืก ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ:

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืœืกืžืœื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื”. ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืกื›ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกืžืœื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกืžืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื•, ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื”. ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืกื”, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื: ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื”. ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™. ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื”: ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืงืœื”. ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช, ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• Lucidchart, Microsoft Visio ืื• draw.io ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืœืงื”. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืžืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื›ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ IN-COM Data ื•-SMARTTS XL ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ

ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืคืชื— ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื›ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. SMART TS XL, ืขื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.

SMART TS XL, ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช, ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื”. ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš SMART TS XL ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”:

  1. ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื”: SMART TS XL ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืžื•ื“.
  2. ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ: ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ืขื SMART TS XL, ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ืชืœื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
  3. ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™: ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—. SMART TS XL ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืžืงื“ืžืช ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.
  4. ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”: ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. SMART TS XL ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ. ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ื›ืก ืจื‘ ืขืจืš ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืขื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื”.

ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœืš ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ SMART TS XL, ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื– ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”. SMART TS XL ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื”ื“ืžื™ื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื.

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืฃ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืœื ื”ื›ืจื—. ืœืชืช SMART TS XL ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœืš ื‘ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.

ืžื™ ื–ื” IN-COM DATA:

IN-COM Data Systems ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1997 ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืœื ื”-IT ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ Y2K. ืžืื–, IN-COM ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.

ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, SMART TS XL, ืžื›ื™ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช Software Intelligenceยฎ ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื—ืงืจ ืจื‘ ืขืจืš, ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.