ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’

ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’?

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” (refactoring) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื”, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืขื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ.

ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื™ื ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื›ืœื™ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื ืกืชืจ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืœืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”

ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ Smart TS XL.

ื’ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืœื•ืช, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ... ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ (Pair Programming) ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (refactoring) ืฉืœื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชืงื ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืชืคื•ืงืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืžื•ืฉืžืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ืข ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ

ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื–ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื”ื ืžืืžืชื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื™ื. ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื

ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื“ืข ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื›ื—ื•. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืœื•ืœืืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื.

ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืกืคื’ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืื™-ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช, ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื’ื ืื•ื›ืฃ ืžืฉืžืขืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื (refactoring). ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืกื— ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืงื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ืœืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืคื’ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืืžืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืงื• ืขื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™.

ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื’ื ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืžืงืฆืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (refactoring) ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ืœื•-ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืื• ืจืฆืคื™ ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.

ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื–ื•ืจื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ (refactoring). ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžืืžืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.

ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื•ื“ ื ืงื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฆืคื•ื™. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื (refactoring) ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช, ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืื• ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฆื•ืœื‘ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ืช. ืขืจื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืกืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื’ืžื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืžื” ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช. ื–ื” ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืžื” ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื—ืชื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“.

ื’ื•ืจื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืžื–ืขืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืจืงืข ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื•ืœื ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืžืช ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.

ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืขื“ืฉื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื’ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงืกื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคืจื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฆื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื”, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืชืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžื—ืœืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช, ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช. ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืžืขืงื‘. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื• ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.

ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืขืงื‘ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉื–ื•ืจื”, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช. ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื™. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืจืง ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืก ืื• ืจืฆืคื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืืžืฆื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื ืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืกืชืจ ื ื’ื“ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื•ืจื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ื.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœ ืจืฆื™ืฃ

ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืื• ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืชืžืฉืš, ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื ืžืงื” ืœื ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง, ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœ. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœ, ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžืืชื’ืจ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ืžืฆื•, ื•ืžื ื˜ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ.

ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื• ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ืืฉืจ ืžืžื–ืขืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืื™ืฅ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืฉ ืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“.

ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื•ืจืฉืจื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื–ื•ื’, ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื—.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ื›ืœืœื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ืขื•ืžืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ (refactoring) ื”ื•ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ (pair programming) ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืก ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืขื ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืขื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืกืงื™ืจื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืงืฆื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื ืกื™ื’ื”, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื”.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืจืฆืคื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืžืงื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืžืชื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”.

ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ื ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื. ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืคื’ื™ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.

ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืืžืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื”ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™. ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืื• ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื ืžืงื”, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื”ื•ืคืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ืช ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ืœื–ืจื™ืžืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื

ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืจืฆืคื™ ืชื ืื™ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื‘ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช.

ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืจืฆืคื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžืขื•ืžืก ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžืงื•ื ื ืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœื ืžืชืขืœื ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™.

ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืงืจื”-ืงืฆื”

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช. ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื‘-ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืชื ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ืœืืžืช ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืจืฆืคื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืชื”. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ืžื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ, ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืื• ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื.

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื’ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ืฉืคื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืื• ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืงืœื˜ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกืจืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“ื, ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžื”ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืžืชืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš.

ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืชื ืื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื (rfactoring) ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืชื’ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื“ื•ืขื›ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื•ืจื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืงืฉืจื™ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืฉื™ื’ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื.

ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื’ื ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื”, ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.

ืœื›ืŸ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ื™ื“ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœื”ืืฆืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืจืžืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืื™ืฅ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืžืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืžืืžืชื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืง.

ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชืœื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™

ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงืคื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืฉืœื‘ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉืงื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื.

ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืืฆืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—

ืžืืžืฆื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื•ืื˜ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืชื— ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื•ื‘ืช, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื•ืžืก ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื•ืœืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืืœื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืืžืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื’ื ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื’ืจืžื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื ืฉืœื ืื• ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืœื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฆืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื—ืœืง ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื•ืžืืžืชื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.

ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื’ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื ืชื— ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื ืฉืืจืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.

ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืคืจืช ื’ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื”, ืชื ืื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื™ืกืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืคื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื•ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืชืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ื ืคืจืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช, ืœืืžืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช.

ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™, ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืฆืฃ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืžืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™, ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื. ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืช.

ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช

ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“, ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืคื’ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ.

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื•ืฆื” ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช.

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืชื™ื ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช

ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื—ื“.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.

ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื’ื ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื• ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™, ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ (refactoring) ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืชืืžืชืŸ ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืืžืชื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช, ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื•ื ื”ืœื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื•ื“ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืงื•ื˜ืขื•ืช.

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืชื•ืื ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ

ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื, ืงืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“.

ืžืืžืฆื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.

ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืชืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืžืื™ืฅ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื

ืชืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“. ืชืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขื“ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืื• ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจืงืข ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฆื•ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืฆื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™

ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช, ืื• ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืจืฆืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืกืชืžืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘, ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืื—ืจ.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืื• ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืขื•ื’ื ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื™ื. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืžืคื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืื• ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืื• ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ.

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื

ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ, ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืœืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.

ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืœื•ืช

ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืกืžืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ืขื•ืžืง ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ื. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ื ืข ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžื ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืื• ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืฆืฆื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื™ืชืขืœืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื—ื“ื“ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ืžืืžืชื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื’ืžื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืฆืฆื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืกื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ืกืœื™ื ืœืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช

ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืจืžื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื”. ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืกืคื•ืกื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื™ื—ื™ื“.

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืžื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืœื• ืขื ืคื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ (refactoring) ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืœื—ืœืง ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืคืขืœื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืกืชืจ ืขื“ ืœืฉืœื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ.

ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืงื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื”, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื—ืจื™ื’. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืืžืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืชื ืื™ื ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืฆืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืจื“ื•ืžื”. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ.

ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืคืจืช ื’ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ื’ื ื”. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’

ืื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ื-ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืืžืช ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืจื™ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื™. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ื-ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ื ืก ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.

ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืงื ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืฉืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื”ื›ื ืกืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื–ื•ื’, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช

ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื”: ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืขื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™, ื”ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช. ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ืžืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžืฉื‘ืฉื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ... ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืœื ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช

ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืชืคื–ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ืœืœื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื.

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉืงืคืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื’ืจื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืชื ืื™ื, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื”. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื.

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืจืฆืฃ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (refactoring) ื ื›ืฉืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื”ื, ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื™ื—ื“.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื•ืช ืื• ืจืฆืคื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกืงื™ืจื” ืกื•ืœื•. ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืข ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื”.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื

ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช, ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื”, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“.

ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ืžื™ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช.

ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืง.

ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืคื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืžืง ืžื–ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืขื•ืžืง ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”. ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ืœืชืขื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชื ื™ื, ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืก ืฉื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืžืง ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืžืžืกืคืจ ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.

ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืชืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื›ืฉืœ

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ (failover) ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืืžืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ.

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœื˜ ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืื• ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘. ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื•ื™ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื›ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืขืงื‘, ื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื•ื™ืื•ืฉืจื• ืžื•ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื

ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ื•ื“ื“. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื ืชื— ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœื˜, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืงืข. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ื›ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™. ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื• ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืŸ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-Collaborative Code Staging ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”

ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ื ืœืขื ืคื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“, ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ื•ืžืื•ืžืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช (staging) ืžื—ื–ืง ื’ื ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช. ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื (staging) ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืคื’ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืขื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื ืจืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœืืžืช ื”ืื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืงืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืคืกืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช

ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื•ื“, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ืชืœื•ืช, ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื•ืœืืžืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื.

ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืงืœื˜ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช

ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืงืฉืจื™ ืชืœื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”, ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงื™ืจื”.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช ืื• ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืš ืœื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.

ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ืฉื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื”

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืข. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ื—ื“, ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื.

ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจืงืข. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื”.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื”, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.

ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืจื•ืš ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืกืจืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืงื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืืš ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœืคืกืคืก ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื, ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืืžืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ.

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ืื• ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืื•ืžืฆื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืฉืงืฃ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจื‘-ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืงืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืฉืชื ืื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื• ืจืฆืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื”. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคื•ืœ ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืจืฆืฃ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืกื™ืงื•ืจ, ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš. ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื•ื›ื“ื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื• ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื•ื›ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื, ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.

ื™ื—ื“, ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช

ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืกืงื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืฉืžื™ื ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืืžื•ืช.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจืฉื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื• ืื• ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืกืงื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ื’ื ืืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช, ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ืกืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช

ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช.

ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืžืœื ืคืขืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—.

ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ. ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ Smart TS XL ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืขื ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืืš Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืœืื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื ืกืชืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. Smart TS XL ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืžืงื™ืคื”

Smart TS XL ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื™ืช ืื•ืชื ื’ืจืคื™ ืชืœื•ืช, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจืฆืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืžืื™ืฆื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืจืžื–ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ืื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืœื ืกื™ื•ืข. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืืžืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื”.

ื”ืืฆืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžืื™ืฆื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืข. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืžื™ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (refactoring) ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœืฆืคื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ- ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืกืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช.

ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืืžืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™

ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœื ื–ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. Smart TS XL ืžืฉืคืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืจืฆืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ (rfactoring). ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืงื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืื• ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืจื“ื•ืžื” ืื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ื. Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ืจืื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”.

ืขื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืคื•ื—ืชืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ื

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื. Smart TS XL ืžืฉืคืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ื, ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื—ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืื• ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืจื‘-ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ื ืขื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’

ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (refactoring) ืžืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืืชื’ืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ (pair programming) ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืžืฉืš ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื™-ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื• ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืžืชืŸ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกืงื™ืจื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ- ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ื‘ื ื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืฉืžืจืช ืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืžืฉืš

ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉืขืจื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ืงื•ื“ ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืืžืชื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื ื‘ื ื• ืชื—ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื™ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืงื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืคืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ืจื™ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืžืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.

ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื•ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื ื’ืฉื• ืขื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช, ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช

ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืชื”. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช.

ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืจื‘-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืืžืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื, ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืคืจื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช

ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ, ื”ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื• ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื. ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืจื™ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื

ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืžืคื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ืžืืžืชื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ื“ืข ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžืก ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘... ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืœื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช

ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื ืคื’ืขืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืžืื•ืžืชื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ, ืœืืชื’ืจ ื•ืœืืžืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืœืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžื•ืชื ื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื™ืœื• ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื–ื‘. ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืืš ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช

ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืงื ื ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™.

ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื–ืง ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.

ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื•ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ืžืงื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื• ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืœื ืชื•ืื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืืš ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื ื•ืชืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”. ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ื’ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืฉื˜ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™.

ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื

ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื—ืจ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจื‘-ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื• ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื‘-ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืืžืช ืื™ืœื• ืชื ืื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ Smart TS XL ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ (refactoring) ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. Smart TS XL ืžื—ื–ืง ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืงืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืืžืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืื• ื›ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื‘-ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช.

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช, ืืš Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื“ืข ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช

Smart TS XL ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช ืื• ื™ืžื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ืชืœื•ืช, ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื•ืช, ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื—ื•ืฆืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื˜ืขื•ืช.

ื”ืืฆืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. Smart TS XL ืžืื™ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจืฆืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืข. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื•ืช ื—ืกืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืชื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ื”ืฆื’ืชื ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ.

ื™ื—ื“, ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ.

ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื, ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืื• ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืจื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. Smart TS XL ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืคืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื”. Smart TS XL ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืžืคื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืžืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. Smart TS XL ืžื—ื–ืง ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืจืฆืคื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืกืคืก ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”. Smart TS XL ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืžืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.

ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช.

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช. ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื–ื• ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ื™ืฉืจืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืคื“ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื’ื ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืชื ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืกืคื•ืก, ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืงืจื™ ืงืฆื” ื•ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ืœื. ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืื• ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช.

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื, ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืจืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืขื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื•ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”, ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื•ืฉืžืข, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.