ืื™ื–ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช?

ืื™ื–ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช?

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืคืš ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื•. ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ืช, ืชืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื•ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ... ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’.

ืชื™ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžื”ื—ืœืคืช ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืคื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืงื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’

Smart TS XL ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื’ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ืœื• ืคืœื—ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชื•ืื ืขื ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืชื ืื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืืจื—ืช. ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื•ืช ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืงื•ื“ ื—ื›ื ื•ืขืžื•ืง ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืืš ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ืžืงื˜ืขื™ ืงื•ื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘-AI" ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”; ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช, ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื˜ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™.

ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช: ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืงื‘, ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžืคื•ืชืœื•ืช, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืืžื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“, ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื ื•ืชืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื•, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื.

ืชื ืื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืžื™ื ื”. ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืื•ืžื ื• ืขืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืžืฆืข ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืขื ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืงื•ื˜ืขื™ื, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆืช ืื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”.

ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื’ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ืงื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ืื• ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžืจื•ืžื–, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื. ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื‘... ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืชื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ืขื•ืžืง ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช API. ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ืžืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื“ืจืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื—ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืžื˜ื-ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืกืงื™ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืœื™ืžื•ืจืคื™ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžื–ื”ื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืœืกืคืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”.

ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื’ื ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื•ืš ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงืœื˜/ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืœืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื; ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืจืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืชื•ืืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื

ืœื ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื”. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื, ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชื ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ืช ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืžื™ืคื•ื™ื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ืช.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ ืืš ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืงื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ JCL ืœ-COBOL ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช. ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืœื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืœืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”

ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืคืจืฉ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”. ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ืงื•ื“; ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืคื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. COBOL, PL/I, RPG ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืื–ื•ืจ. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื›ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž... ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ COBOL ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช, ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืคื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืคื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ืชื™ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื‘ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืจื‘-ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชืœื•ืช, ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื”, ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืคื™ืœื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื•ื’ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืื“ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืื™ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.

ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฉืžื›ืžืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืžืง ืฆื™ืžื•ื“, ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื... ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืกืคืง ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžืฉืœื‘ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื›ืœืœ-ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืฉื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”.

ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื• ืžืชืื ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืกื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื”.

ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹ืจืฆื™ืคื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืกื” ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœ... ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช (CI) ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื• ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืงืฉื™ื

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื•ืžืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ืกืฃ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืกืžืŸ ืขื ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื.

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื’ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืงืกื“ื•ืช ื“ื”-ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื—, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ.

ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื—

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืžืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื•ื›ืคื™ื ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืœืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืจืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืžื™ืžื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืคืจื™ืกื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื. ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจืช, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื ืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื—, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืžื“ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืชืืžืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™. ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”. ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืฆื™ืžื•ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื”, ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘.

ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื•ืžื—ื”. ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื• ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืกื ืŸ ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.

ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกืคื™ ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืžื“ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืžืชื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ืขื•ืžืง ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืชื ืื™, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืœื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืชื ืื™ ืชื ืื™ ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื, ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื ื‘ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ืžื“ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ืžืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืงื•ื“, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžื ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืžืชื™ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื ื˜ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“, ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช

ืžื“ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืœ. ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช; ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงื•ื”ื–ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช.

ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืชืœื•ืช ืžืฉืงืฃ ื’ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืžืžืฉืง ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช. ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื (refactoring) ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ (aliasing) ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื•ืจื•ืช.

ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ืชื ืื™ื, ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘... ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืž ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.

ืžื“ื“ื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื•ืช, ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืจืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืื ื˜ื™-ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜, ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืื™-ืกื“ืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ... ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืž ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกื‘ื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืชืืžื”, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžื ื‘ื ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืฉืคื”, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืคื”, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื”. ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืคื”, ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื•ืช.

ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฉืคื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช

ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืžื• COBOL, PL/I, RPG ื•-Natural ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื–, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื• ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื”. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื, ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื˜ืขื™ ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืคื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืžืฉื—ื–ืจ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื–ื•, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืงื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืคื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื˜/ืคืœื˜ ืœื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืขื ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž... ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ JCL ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ืœื ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืž ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคื” ืืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืฅ ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™.

ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืคื” ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื, ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื• ืจืฆืคื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื. ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ืš ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™, ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืื• ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืœื ื˜ืœืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืชืœื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• ืฉืžื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืคืขืœ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืชื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืชืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืฆืžืฆืžื•ืช ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื—ื•ืฆืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืขื ืŸ ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฆื” ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉืชืชืคืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช. ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžืžืฉืงื™ API ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขืงื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื.

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืœืขื ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ืกื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืœื• ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž... ืืชื’ืจื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืœืขื ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืชื™ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืž ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืจื™ืืœื™.

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืชืœื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืžืงืกืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืฆื” ืชื•ืš ื‘ืœื™ืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™.

ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืืœื•, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืขื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืœื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช. ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืกื ืชื– ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื”, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืก ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ื ืžืงื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.

ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช, ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ืจืžื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชื ื™ื, ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืงืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื”ืžืจืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ ืœื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื. COBOL, RPG ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื”ืคืจื•ืกื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืื• ืืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื™ื“ื ื™. ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžืจืื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.

ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืขืกืง, ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืชื—ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžืจื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืงืจื™ืื”-ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ VSAM ื•-QSAM ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืžื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ SQL ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงื ืŸ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื ืชื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ืช.

ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ืื• ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื— ืงื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืš ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืชื ืื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื• ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื• ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืจืžื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืœ VB6 ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืž ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ื‘-JavaScript ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”.

ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืขื ืคื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ืกืจืช ืชื ืื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžืงื•ื ื ืช ืื• ื”ืžืจืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื˜-ืคืœื˜ ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช COBOL, RPG ื•-Java ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื›ืกื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ื“ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืจืฆืคื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฆื”. ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืž... ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื•ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืž ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืื—ืช ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”: ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื

ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขืงื‘ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช, ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™, ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืจืฆืคื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื—ื•ื– ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.

ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืกืงื™ืช-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™

ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืกืงื™ืช-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื™ื ืืš ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื. ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืจืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™. ืœืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™.

ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชืงื ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ืขื ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฉืจ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ SOX ื•-PCI ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช DO-178C ืฉืœ ื”-FAA ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื™ ืงืคื“ื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื” ืจืง ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืืžื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช

ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืžืชืืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชื ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชื–ืžื ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™. ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืงืข ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืืœื” ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™.

ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืžืจื•ืžื–, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ืืš ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช-ื”ืœื™ืš ืื• ื“ื’ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืœืœื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื˜ืข ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื ื•ืชื—, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช.

ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื™ืง. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืขื‘ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™-ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื ื™. ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืื• ืœืคืงื— ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืฆืžืชื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืงืจื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืžื˜ืคืœื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืชื™ืื•ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื›ืœืœ-ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืืœื ื’ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืžืฉืง, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืกื” ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืจ. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.

ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืืœื” ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื”.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžืžืฉืœ, ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ื ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช; ืชื—ื•ืœืชื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™, ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” - ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืื—ืจืช - ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืงื•ืคื”, ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ. ืชื™ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื, ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืืš ืœื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืชื. ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช, ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื• ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“, ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืขืŸ. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืกืคื™, ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืื• ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืงื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž... ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชืื™ืžื•ืช SOX ื•-DORA ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืž ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”. ืชื ืื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื

ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ, ืžืชื™ ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ. ื’ื ืื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืคืืช ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืื• ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.

ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืž ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืขืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ ืืœื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™. ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื—ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืชืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื‘ืื™ื.

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืŸ, ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืชืงืœื•ืช ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืœื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืœื. ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจืงืช ืชืงืœื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืž ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.

ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืžื•ื ื—ื”-ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื-ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื“ื•-ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช. ืคื™ืœื•ื— ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืžื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืžืฉืงืฃ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชืื™ืžื•ืช, ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืื• ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืจื’ื•ืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืคืขื•ืœ.

ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ, ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆืฃ ื•ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื ืคื— ื”ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ Smart TS XL ืžื›ืžืชืช ืžืงื˜ืขื™ ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ืžืชื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง. Smart TS XL ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™, ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื•ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืชืืžื” ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, Smart TS XL ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืืžืคื™ืจื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.

ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชืœื•ืช, ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืคื•ืจืงื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื. ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช.

ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื•ื“ ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”

Smart TS XL ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืกื ืชื–ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื”, ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื’ืจืฃ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืจื‘-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืืžืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื•ืช, ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื”, ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื™ืชื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืขื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, Smart TS XL ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ... ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืขืžื•ืง ืคื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืž ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•, Smart TS XL ืžื›ืžืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื.

ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ Smart TS XL ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืžืงื˜ืขื™ ืงื•ื“ ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช. ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื’ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.

ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืš, ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช. ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืกืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื ืข ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช. ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืž ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.

ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืกืคื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”

Smart TS XL ืžืงืฆื” ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืงื˜ืขื™ ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”. ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœื” ืžื›ืžืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืกืคื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื›ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืจื‘-ืžืžื“ื™ื™ื: ืžื“ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืงื•ึนื”ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื”, ืชืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืž ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ื ืชื™ื‘ ืชืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื–ื”, Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, Smart TS XL ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื’ืžื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ ืžืชืคืชื— ืชื—ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื ืคื— ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ SOA ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืž ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช, Smart TS XL ืžืกืคืง ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”

ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืจื™ืืœื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™. ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืžืœืื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื’ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช. ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื•ืช, ืžืชืืžื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื, ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช, ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืื™ืžื•ืช, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”. ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืื• ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื™ืกื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชื™ืื•ื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจืช IMS ื•-VSAM ืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ COBOL ืžืจืื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.

ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ืชืืžืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืคืœืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื. ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื›ื ื™, ื”ืกืจืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ 10 ืขื“ 25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืชื™ืง ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช. ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืืœื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืืš ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืฆื ืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” (batch) ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช (AI) ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืœื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื–ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืชื•ื–ืžื ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื•ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื™ื.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื ืขืงื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ืจืฆืคื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื–ื• ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืฅ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืž ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ JCL ืœืืฉืจ ืฉืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.

ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 30 ืขื“ 50 ืื—ื•ื–. ื”ืื—ื•ื– ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืื“ื ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื“ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.

ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื”, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ืกืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.

ื”ืชืืžื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ืœ-40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื. ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืง, ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืฆื™ื” ืื• ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื›ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช

ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—, ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ETL, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืžืชืืžื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืงืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ืฆืจื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืจืžืœ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืจื—ื‘, ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืจืช ื™ืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืขื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื ืจืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ SQL ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืž ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืงืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”.

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 40 ืœ-70 ืื—ื•ื–. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืชืฉื™ื’ ืชืื•ืฆื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืื• ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.

ืžื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ: ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืจืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ

ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืง ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™, ืืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืคืขืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช, ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ืชืงืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœื• ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžื•ืชืื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืขืจื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืชื—ืช ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื.

ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืืš ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืœื•ื›ื“ื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืชื–ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ืช ืขื•ืžืก ืื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืื• ืฉืขืจื™ ืžืžืฉืง. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืคืขืจื™ื ืืœื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืž ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื ืื™ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ืคืขืจื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื’ื”

ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื ืจืžื•ืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื ืžืคื•ืฉื˜ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ ื”ืชืืžื”. ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืž ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืจืฆืฃ ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ืฉืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืจืง ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื”. ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืงื‘ ืคืจื™ืกื”, ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื

ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืกื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช. ืžืขืงื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœื›ืฉืœ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืž ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื” ืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืž ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™. ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืžืจืช ื”ืชืืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื”

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืกืงื™ืจืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชืืžื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืœืœื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื.

ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืคื’ืžื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื ื•ืชืจื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื™ื ืœื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™. ื”ืชืืžื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”.

ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกืฃ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืฆื” ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืš ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ืืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ, ื›ืœืœื™ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื™ื“ื. ืกืคื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฆืฆื™ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืœื” ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื›ื“ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื›ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ื•ื– ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื•ืช, ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื, ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจืช ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืง ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ืชืงืจืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื•ื– ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชื ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืกืคืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™.

ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืžืžื•ืฉืžืข ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช, ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช, ืœืชืงื ืŸ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื—ื•ื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื ื•ืคืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ.

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”, ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช - ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืืžื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืžืฉื‘ืฉ, ื•ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื ื›ืžื“ื“ื™ ืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื ื›ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

ืžื‘ื˜ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชืงืจืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืชืขืœื” ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื™ืง ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืœืžื˜ืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืฆื”, ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉืœื‘ื• ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืžืฉืžืขืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.